copyright drugs pose significant health risks due to their variable efficacy and potential harmful ingredients.To combat this issue, a reliable and secure track-and-trace system is essential for pharmaceutical supply chains.This paper proposes an Immutable and Decentralized Pharma (IDP) model, leveraging blockchain technology to ensure the Siren (Bluetooth) with Tilt/Shock safe and efficient distribution of medications.The IDP model utilizes smart contracts to record transactions between entities onto a blockchain, enabling end-to-end product tracking and provenance.
Experimental results on a polygon blockchain test network demonstrate the feasibility and enhanced security of campdraft girth the IDP model in a collaborative environment.Our solution addresses the challenges of data privacy, openness, and authenticity inherent in centralized track-and-trace systems, providing a promising approach to eliminate counterfeits and guarantee product safety in pharmaceutical supply chains.